The Ph of A Solution Is 5.4 Calculate The Following

What is pH?

The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a solution is. It ranges from 0 to 14, where:

• pH 0-6 is acidic
• pH 7 is neutral
• pH 8-14 is basic

Each whole number change in pH represents a tenfold difference in hydrogen ion concentration. For example, a solution with pH 5 has 10 times more hydrogen ions than a solution with pH 6.

Calculating pH

The pH of a solution is calculated using the formula:

Where [H⁺] is the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter (mol/L).

To find the hydrogen ion concentration from pH, you can rearrange the formula:

Hydrogen Ion Concentration

The hydrogen ion concentration tells you how many hydrogen ions are present in the solution. For a solution with pH 5.4:

This means there are approximately 3.98 × 10^-6 moles of hydrogen ions per liter of solution.

Hydroxide Ion Concentration

The hydroxide ion concentration ([OH^-]) is related to the hydrogen ion concentration by the ion product of water (Kw):

Solving for [OH^-]:

This means there are approximately 2.51 × 10^-9 moles of hydroxide ions per liter of solution.

Acidity Classification

A solution with pH 5.4 falls into the acidic range (pH 0-6). Specifically, it is:

• Weakly acidic (pH 5.0-6.0)
• More acidic than vinegar (pH ≈ 3.0-4.0)
• Less acidic than lemon juice (pH ≈ 2.0-3.0)

This classification helps identify the solution's chemical properties and potential effects on other substances.

Example Calculation

Let's calculate the properties for a solution with pH 5.4:

1. Hydrogen ion concentration: [H⁺] = 10^-5.4 ≈ 3.98 × 10^-6 mol/L
2. Hydroxide ion concentration: [OH^-] ≈ 2.51 × 10^-9 mol/L
3. Acidity classification: Weakly acidic (pH 5.0-6.0)